Different between Lens

TELEPHOTO LENS AND TELEPHOTO ZOOM LENS / ZOOM LENS.

Tele means distant or distance, tele is used to describe a "longer" view - a tele lens will make things appear closer

a tele lens is the oppisite of a wide lens, a wide lens gives a wide view,

so telephoto lens see a longer distance, a zoom lens is a lens that goes from a wide setting to a tele setting

eg's

wide lenses have numbers like: 12mm 14mm up to 35mm,

tele lens are numbers like 70mm - 800mm or so

A zoom lens can cover any focal length range and still be considered a zoom lens.

A zoom lens can also incorporate a telephoto group, in which case it would be called a telephoto zoom lens.

standard is from around 45 - 55mm ish

zoom lenses have numbers like 12-24mm - wide zoom lens

18-55 wide - standard zoom lens

55-200 standard to tele

A zoom lens can cover any focal length range and still be considered a zoom lens.

A zoom lens can also incorporate a telephoto group, in which case it would be called a telephoto zoom lens.

In others words is Telephoto lens is 100mm f 2.4 (fix focus length) and Telephoto Zoom lens / Zoom lens is 50 mm ~ 100mm f 2.4~ 6. (adjustable focus length)

MACRO LENS

A macro lens is used for taking close up pictures of small objects such as coins, bugs, jewelry, and other small things. Macro lenses also allow you to capture the details in smaller objects.

WIDE ANGLE LENS

Lens less than 35mm is consider wide angle lens and lens 10mm~18 consider ultra wide angle.
You remember the old cliche' where the photographer asks the subject to step back. Then, step back a little more. And then again?

The wide angle lens allows the photo to be taken without the subject haveing to step back.

In a more realistic situation, for example, taking a photo in a very small space, where there is no room for the photographer or subject to step back, a wide angle lens allows the camera to capture more horizontal and verticle space.

PRIME LENS
All lens design has compromises, a prime lens has a lot fewer than any zoom so tends to perform better (more contrast, better resolution etc..)

The first prime to consider is a 50mm, these are the easiest lens for manufacturers to make and are often available with a 'fast' wide aperture (f1.4 is common), this is useful for low light shots (interiors, concerts etc.) it also means you can use selective focusing (where the subject is in focus and the background blurry) as the wider aperture maximises this effect.

Every DSLR owner should have one in his camera bag, if your DSLR has an APS sized sensor then the crop factor will make it a 75 - 80mm lens, which is absolutely the best focal length for portraits (keeps you away from your subject and doesn't distort their features).